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[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Header” _builder_version=”4.16″ use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_direction=”124deg” background_color_gradient_stops=”rgba(255,255,255,0.1) 30%|#31d190 90%” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(255,255,255,0.1)” background_color_gradient_start_position=”30%” background_color_gradient_end=”#31d190″ background_color_gradient_end_position=”90%” background_image=”https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ebook-17-1.png” background_position=”bottom_center” min_height=”922px” custom_margin=”-119px|||||” custom_padding=”5vw||5vw||true|” border_color_all=”#31d190″ border_width_left=”10px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”contain” background_position=”bottom_center” max_width=”1280px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”40px|||” custom_padding_tablet=”0vw|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font=”Montserrat|800|||||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

e-BOOKs<\/h2>\n

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Solving biology?\u00a0 Impossible?\u00a0 Not any more.\u00a0 Since biology already knows the solutions, we’ll just copy them.\u00a0 The primer explains how to do it.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/?page_id=2780&” button_text=”Download Free eBook” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”22px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#31d190″ button_border_width=”0px” button_border_color=”#FFFFFF” button_border_radius=”0px” button_letter_spacing=”0px” button_font=”Montserrat|700|||||||” button_icon=”5||divi||400″ custom_margin=”||16px” custom_padding=”18px|40px|18px|40px|true|true” animation_style=”fade” button_text_shadow_style=”preset1″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/COVER-2019.jpg” url=”https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/?page_id=2780&” _builder_version=”4.16″ max_width=”480px” animation_direction=”bottom” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_vertical=”40px” box_shadow_blur=”80px” box_shadow_spread=”-20px” box_shadow_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.8)” always_center_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”About” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Montserrat|800||on|||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”60px” header_2_line_height=”1.2em” max_width=”400px” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|tablet” module_alignment=”right” custom_padding=”||0px|||” header_2_font_size_tablet=”40px” header_2_font_size_phone=”25px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Primer<\/h2>\n

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Fortunately for us, biology has already solved itself as a mathematical problem.\u00a0 The solution includes a theory structure (complexity), first principles, and rules.\u00a0 This reduces the job of the primer to explaining how to copy biology\u2019s solutions with equations.<\/p>\n

For this to work, however, we\u2019re required to play biology\u2019s game according to biology\u2019s rules.\u00a0 This includes operating under a theory structure based on mathematics, which becomes our primary means of communication.\u00a0 By speaking the same language, we can ask biology questions and expect answers in return.\u00a0 An example will help.<\/p>\n

Question:<\/em><\/strong> How does biology derive a change from first principles?\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

Answer:<\/em><\/strong> A biological change requires two first principles, which, in turn, it translates into a small army of rule-based equations.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

1st<\/sup> Principle:\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0 f(x) = mx<\/strong>
<\/em><\/p>\n

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This first principle defines a linear equation passing through the origin, wherein each point on the line detects the same ratio of x to y (x:y).\u00a0 In turn, biology uses teams of rules derived from this principle to produce structure-function recipes for its organelles.\u00a0 Such recipes define the structural and functional complexities of organelles.\u00a0<\/p>\n

1st<\/sup> Principle:\u00a0 f(x) = mx<\/strong><\/em>+b<\/em>
<\/strong><\/p>\n

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The second principle also identifies a linear equation, but now the line no longer passes through the origin because the organelle recipe is undergoing complex changes. \u00a0This means that each point on the line has a different x to y ratio.\u00a0 To an outsider, a biological change with all its complexity appears chaotic.\u00a0 To biology, it\u2019s a symphony being played flawlessly by a host of interacting rules and variables.<\/p>\n

By applying these two first principles, biology can explain to us how it changes its phenotype in response to an experimental prod.\u00a0 If, for purposes of illustration, we reduce our question about change to just one organelle with three of its marker enzymes, biology\u2019s answer can be summarized with roughly 100 rule-based equations.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Notice the immediate benefit of our willingness to play by the rules.\u00a0 By switching to biology\u2019s theory structure, our answers experience a 25-fold increase in detail (100\/4 = 25), along with many new insights.\u00a0 Such a result is helpful because it means that we can solve the phenotype at a level of detail consistent with solving the genotype.\u00a0 Recall that solving biology requires solving the complexity of both the phenotype and the genotype.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

The primer offers the beginner a detailed look at the inner workings of biological complexity.\u00a0 In reading the primer, two points quickly become apparent.\u00a0 Biology\u2019s approach to complexity is surprisingly easy to understand and duplicate because we\u2019re no longer throwing away vital information.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Indeed, a rule-based approach to experimental biology makes our job easier, more enjoyable, and highly productive. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

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What\u2019s inside<\/h2>\n

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COMPLEXITY<\/p>\n

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EQUATIONS<\/p>\n

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VISUALIZING COMPLEXITY<\/p>\n

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REPRODUCIBILITY<\/p>\n

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DATA<\/p>\n

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DATABASES<\/p>\n

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CALCULATIONS<\/p>\n

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HOW TO SOLVE BIOLOGY<\/p>\n

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COMPLEXITY THEORY<\/p>\n

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Chapter 1<\/h5>\n
COMPLEXITY<\/h5>\n

Solving biology is an exercise in solving complexities by creating complexities. The process consists of using published data to create complexities parallel to the ones used by biology to solve a given problem. In effect, we recruit biology to solve our problems for us, being confident that it has already worked out the best solutions. We can safely assume that biology is qualified to do the heavy lifting because it knows what rules to apply and how to summon the necessary resources. It understands full well that survival depends on its ability to adapt quickly and effectively.<\/p>\n

Chapter 1, which introduces the first six levels of complexity, tells the story simply and succinctly. Although touching on the central themes and principal findings, it keeps details to a minimum. Getting the big picture at the outset will make it easier for us to tackle the specifics in the ensuing chapters.<\/p>\n

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The primer explains how to copy biology as it exists in nature . . .<\/p>\n

\u201cStudy nature, not books.\u201d<\/em>
Louis Agassiz<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c. . . what I tell you three times is true.\u201d<\/em>
Lewis Carroll<\/em><\/p>\n

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First book in the series<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”70px|||” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|||” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb url=”http:\/\/playingcomplexitygames.com\/?page_id=839″ image=”https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/BOLENDER-2016-COVER-4.6.jpg” _builder_version=”4.16″ header_font=”Montserrat|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”16px” header_line_height=”1.5em” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”300px” module_alignment=”center” animation=”off” box_shadow_style_image=”preset3″ box_shadow_vertical_image=”20px” box_shadow_blur_image=”40px” box_shadow_spread_image=”-10px” box_shadow_color_image=”rgba(0,0,0,0.28)” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=”http:\/\/playingcomplexitygames.com\/?page_id=839″ button_text=”Download Free eBook” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”22px” button_text_color=”#FFFFFF” button_bg_color=”#31d190″ button_border_radius=”0px” button_font=”Montserrat|700|||||||” button_icon=”5||divi||400″ custom_margin=”|||0px|false|false” animation_style=”fade” animation_starting_opacity=”1%” button_text_shadow_style=”preset1″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Preface” use_icon=”on” admin_label=”Blurb” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

“Here is the problem. We have a science \u2013 called biology \u2013 that lacks a mathematical foundation and can produce data so corrupted by bias and biological variation that the original information often becomes unrecognizable. To make matters worse, we assume that we can study biology by reducing its complexity to a simplicity, characterize its parts in isolation, and then use the resulting information to explain biology as it normally exists. We dig the hole even deeper by assuming that our methods allow us to detect biological changes, when often the best they can do is detect significant differences between heavily biased data sets. Consequently, the data we publish all too often stand little chance of representing biology, as it is.”<\/p>\n

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About<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Enterprise Biology Software Project is a nonprofit venture offering advanced technologies to researchers. Data harvested from the literature of biological stereology, biochemistry, and MRI \u2013 typically contributed by authors as reprints \u2013 are stored in relational databases and processed to explore new approaches to solving complex problems. Previously, copies of the databases along with reports and software tools were distributed on CDs and DVDs. Now resources are available online.<\/p>\n

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Address:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Enterprise Biology Software Project<\/p>\n

PO BOX 243\u00a0 Medina, WA 98039<\/p>\n

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\u00a9 Copyright 2001-2025 Robert P. Bolender and Licensors\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 All rights reserved.<\/p>\n

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e-BOOKsSolving biology?\u00a0 Impossible?\u00a0 Not any more.\u00a0 Since biology already knows the solutions, we’ll just copy them.\u00a0 The primer explains how to do it.The PrimerFortunately for us, biology has already solved itself as a mathematical problem.\u00a0 The solution includes a theory structure (complexity), first principles, and rules.\u00a0 This reduces the job of the primer to explaining […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":121,"href":"https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3503,"href":"https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions\/3503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/solvingbiology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}